An ancient space rock discovered in a Swedish quarry is a type of meteorite never before found on Earth.
“In our entire civilization, we have collected over 50,000 meteorites, and no one has seen anything like this one before,” says study coauthor Qing-zhu Yin, professor of geochemistry and planetary sciences at the University of California, Davis. “Discovering a new type of meteorite is very, very exciting.”
The new meteorite, called Ost 65, appears to be from the missing partner in a massive asteroid collision 470 million years ago. The collision sent debris falling to Earth over about a million years and may have influenced a great diversification of life in the Ordovician Period. One of the objects involved in this collision is well-known: It was the source of L-chondrites, still the most common type of meteorite. But the identity of the object that hit it has been a mystery.
Ost 65 was discovered in Sweden’s Thorsberg quarry, source of more than 100 fossil meteorites. Measuring just under 4 inches wide, it looks like a gray cow patty plopped into a pristine layer of fossil-rich pink limestone. The Ost 65 rock is called a fossil meteorite because the original rock is almost completely altered except for a few hardy minerals—spinels and chromite.
Analyses of chromium and oxygen isotopes in the surviving minerals allowed the researchers to conclude the Ost 65 meteorite is chemically distinct from all known meteorite types.
By measuring how long Ost 65 was exposed to cosmic rays, researchers were able to establish that it traveled in space for about a million years before it fell to Earth 470 million years ago. This timeline matches up with L-chondrite meteorites found in the quarry, suggesting the rock is a fragment of the other object from the Ordovician collision. The original object may have been destroyed during the collision, but it’s also possible that the remains are still out in space.
Researchers think that about 100 times as many meteorites slammed into Earth during the Ordovician compared with today, thanks to the massive collision in the asteroid belt. This rain of meteorites may have opened new environmental niches for organisms, thus boosting both the diversity and complexity of life on Earth.
“I think this shows the interconnectedness of the entire solar system in space and time, that a random collision 470 million years ago in the asteroid belt could dictate the evolutionary path of species here on Earth,” Yin says.
Published in Nature Communications, the new findings strengthen suspicions that more recent meteorite falls on Earth don’t represent the full range of rocks drifting through the solar system. There is potential to better understand the history of our solar system by collecting meteorite fragments preserved in Earth’s ancient rocks, Yin says.
“If we can go back even further in time, we may eventually be able to find some of the true building blocks of Earth.”
Other researchers from UC Davis and from Lund University in Sweden and the University of Hawaii at Manoa are coauthors of the study that was funded by NASA, the UC Office of the President, and a European Research Council Advanced Grant.
Source: UC Davis
